What Was the Khmer Rouge

Khmer Rouge: A Communist guerrilla movement in Cambodia (formerly Kampuchea) led by Pol Pot, which ruled the country between 1975 and 1979. The Khmer Rouge killed an estimated 2 to 3 million Cambodians via torture, execution, over-work or starvation during its four-year reign of terror. (This was 1/4 or 1/5 of the total population.) They sought to cleanse Cambodia of capitalists and intellectuals  and to impose a new social structure based entirely on collective agriculture. Pol Pots murderous regime was forced out of power by a Vietnamese invasion in 1979, but the Khmer Rouge fought on as a guerrilla army from the jungles of western Cambodia until 1999. Today, some of the Khmer Rouge leaders are being tried for genocide and crimes against humanity. Pol Pot himself died in 1998  before he could face trial. The term Khmer Rouge comes from Khmer, which is the name for the Cambodian people, plus rouge, which is French for red - that is to say, Communist. Pronunciation: kuh-MAIR roohjh Examples: Even thirty years later, the people of Cambodia have not fully recovered from the horrors of the Khmer Rouges murderous reign. Glossary Entries: A-E | F-J | K-O | P-S | T-Z

The Death Of A Doctor - 986 Words

General Overview Death is inevitable, most of us do not know when or how, but it happens to everyone. The thought of planning your death or having a doctor help complete the task is hard to contemplate. What if you were dying, you had a terminal illness that you would never recover from, imagine as the part of the disease process you would slowly lose your ability to: care for yourself, feed yourself, you would lose your memory, and the ability to walk or talk. What if during this process you would have pain and agony beyond words and despite trying all the medical options available there was just no relief. Life is sometimes unfair and we are faced with tough decisions, what if a you had the opportunity to do the things on your bucket list, make amends with family or friends and when you got to the point that you couldn’t stand the pain and agony anymore you could say goodbye and take a pill and go to sleep and it would be the end of suffering. I believe that voluntary active euthanasia is m orally acceptable for terminally ill people. First we need to establish exactly what euthanasia is. Euthanasia as defined by our text is â€Å"directly or indirectly bringing about death of another person for that person’s sake.† (Vaughn, 2013, p. 357). There are several forms of euthanasia; voluntary euthanasia, performed with a person’s consent; involuntary euthanasia, performed without a person’s consent and non-voluntary consent, where the person is incapable of giving consent. Next, weShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Doctor944 Words   |  4 PagesAs I stood there watching my mother cry, I couldn’t seem to fathom how death could cause someone who was here yesterday to disappear today. My mother and I witnessed my thirty-three year old aunt whither away from ovarian cancer. A death that was avoidable had she had better access to healthcare for early diagnosis. My aunt’s cancer never received treatment and progressed until there was nothing left in her pelvic cavity. It ignited a s park; a spark to search for answers. A spark that grew brighterRead MoreThe Death Of The Doctor983 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout the procedures of fixing this problem. The doctor knocks on the door, he/she informs you of your condition â€Å"Supraventricular Tachycardia,† but for now let’s just abbreviate it as â€Å"SVT.† You will have to have surgery called an â€Å"SVT ablation â€Å"to fix this heart problem, but for the mean time, you are put onto something called â€Å"Beta-Blockers†, which prevents the chemical that creates fight or flight, known as adrenaline. Your doctor has requested you to go to your local hospital, where youRead MoreThe Death Of A Medical Doctor822 Words   |  4 Pagesbe called, I thought to myself what it would be like to walk in the footsteps of a doctor and the duties of a medical doctor. I sat there daydreaming about the lives of the Nigerian patients experiencing healthcare difficulties with hope that someday I would be able to save them. As a young teenager at that time, I did not know what path I would take to achieve this dream; I just wanted to become a medical doctor. Now this d ream is knocking at my door making my dream a reality. From there forwardRead MoreIs Jack Kevorkian A Doctor Death?1585 Words   |  7 PagesKevorkian also known as ‘doctor death’, he created a sort of stigma for physician assisted death. He was an outspoken figure that brought to the forefront a serious arising problem that hadn’t been discussed in such an open setting. Just for a little basis on his background and credentials, he graduated from Michigan University medical school with a specialty in pathology. In 1956, four years after graduating, he published his first article â€Å"The Fundus Oculi and the Determination of Death.† This article discussedRead MoreDoctor Assisted Death : A Patients Choice1354 Words   |  6 Pages Doctor Assisted Death: A Patients Choice James Reed Ivy Tech Community College Doctor Assisted Death: A Patients Choice Matthew Donnelly loved life. But Matthew Donnelly wanted to die. For the past thirty years, Matthew had conducted research on the use of X-Rays. Now, skin cancer riddled his tortured body. He had lost his nose, his left hand, two fingers on his right hand, and part of his jaw. He was left blind and was slowly deteriorating. The pain was unrelenting. DoctorsRead MoreDoctor Assisted Death And Its Effects On Children And Mentally Ill Patients1057 Words   |  5 Pages Death means the end of life, but it has never been a choice that can be determined by a human. With the recent discussion of doctor-assisted death, people may have the opportunity to decide. The article â€Å"The Right to Die† posted by The Economist, on Jun 27th, 2015 analyzed both negative and positive sides of doctor-assisted death. The article says the patient’s decision will be in the hands of a doctor. The system is pretending to shun doctor-assisted dying while tacitly condoning it without safeguardsRead MoreChristopher Marlowe s The Tragical History Of The Life And Death Of Doctor Faustus 1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, the main protagonist, Dr. Faustus, sick and tired of the limited abilities of any human individual trades his soul with the lord of the hell, Lucifer, for 24 years of limitless power, liberty and knowledge. Faustus travels around the world, unconscious about his destiny, and enjoys all of the worldly and sensual pleasures. Unfortunately, in the end, when Faustus finally realizes his fate and begs for forgiveness from God, the demons drags Doctor into the flamesRead MoreGreed In Jakob And Wilhelm Grimms Godfather Death926 Words   |  4 PagesGodfather Death â€Å"Greed has taken the whole universe, and nobody is worried about their soul.† This is the quote that I find most relevant to this story and sets the mood and tone for everything that follows. It’s nothing new for someone to put their needs and wants before anything or anyone else in their life. The doctor was warned by Death that it would turn out badly if he disobeyed him, but he put his wants ahead of the warning. In the story Godfather Death, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm demonstrateRead MoreSynopsis Of The Godfather Death 984 Words   |  4 Pagesvery clear. Godfather Death Summary The Godfather Death is a German fairytale collected by the Grimm’s brothers and it’s about a man of scarce resources who has twelve children, but then has a thirteenth child. A child he can’t support. Thus being the reason why we tries to find the most suitable godfather for his kid. He passes by God and the Devil, but when he comes across with Death, he decides he is the best option, since death is equal and does not discriminate. Death agrees to be the godfatherRead MoreEssay on Medicine and Law1057 Words   |  5 PagesState of Arkansas could force death row prisoner Charles Laverne Singleton to take antipsychotic drugs to make him sane enough to execute. Singleton was to be executed for felony capital murder but became insane while in prison. Medicine is supposed to heal people, not prepare them for execution; a law that asks doctors to make people well so that the government can kill them is an absurd law, said David Kaczynski, the executive director of New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty . There are many

How effective is tuberculosis (TB) treatment in less economically developed countries Free Essays

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is caused by several bacteria called ‘Tubercle bacillus’. The bacterium were discovered and named as a cause of TB in 1882 by the German Biologist Robert Koch. Tubercle bacillus is a small and extremely dangerous bacterium; it has a long life span and can survive for months in dryness and resist mild disinfectants (Stefan, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on How effective is tuberculosis (TB) treatment in less economically developed countries? or any similar topic only for you Order Now TB is a contagious disease which spreads in similar way to common cold and flu viruses; the bacteria are transferred from host to host in small droplets. There are numerous types of TB, of which Pulmonary TB is one. It can be transferred when an infected person sneezes, coughs or spits and an uninfected person comes into contact with the droplets, for example in saliva (Stefan, 2000). Symptoms The symptoms of this disease are severe coughing including bloody mucus, chest pains, shortness in breathe, fever, weight loss and sweating. The secondary infection affects the immune system, bones and gut. The most common scenario when infected with TB is when a person contacts it following another disease or infection which has weakened the immune system. For example when a person has the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) their immune system is weakened; people with HIV therefore show an increased rate of TB infections. Only when you show symptoms of TB can you infect others (Ottenhoff and Kaufmann, 2012). Organ infected by tuberculosis TB is an extremely harmful disease cause by microorganisms called ‘Tubercle bacillus’. It harms many organs in the human body. It mainly affects the lung (as shown in figure 1) and that is called ‘pulmonary tuberculosis’ the initial symptom last up to 6/7 months. During this long time period the immune system fights of the disease and bacterium. After that period and the immune system resisting the disease some particles of the bacteria escapes into the bloodstream, this is then carried around the body. Usually the immune system cannot stop the bacteria and leads to being untreated. If left untreated for a long period of time then the environment in the body is perfect for the bacteria to multiple, this is extremely dangerous as the tissues of the organ for example; the tissue of the lung may become infected. When the lung is infected it results in destruction in the respiratory system. It is important this is not left unattended as it will cause permanent s carring to the tissues of organs. Diagnosis The main method of diagnosing TB is a harmless skin test. This is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid under the skin around the forearm; this is a special fluid containing a protein copied from the microorganism Tubercle bacillus. After a few days the area where the fluid was injected is visually scanned. To determine whether you have the infection the scientist will measure the diameter and hardness of skin where the injection was placed. If the area if hard and the skin appears to be raised it will mean you have a bacterial protein present in your body. The redness in the area injection is not taken in to account. With this test it is possible to get false positive, for example a negative test does not mean you do not have TB. If the test is positive a chest x-ray will be taken to assess whether the TB infection is active (see figure 1). Areas affected by tuberculosis TB was a main cause of death in the late 19th century and early 20th century. TB still occurs in humans worldwide but more concentrated in many developing countries and kills 4 out of 10 people who are infected. Figure 2 shows that over 15 years (1990 to 2005) the estimated TB incidence rate global has not changed much, with incidence in Europe slowly increasing whilst staying below the global average. In Africa however the estimated incidence has remained above the global average. Figure 2 also demonstrates that having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a risk factor for being infected with TB. HIV is a condition which affects a person immune system, and so makes suffers more vulnerable disease. Therefore attempting to reduce the prevalence of HIV could also reduce the rate of TB in Africa population. This is a social problem as HIV is spread by contact with bodily fluid from a HIV suffer, therefor social education programs about safe conduct with HIV suffers could help reduce both disease and HIV. However the data (fig 2) only shows up to 2005. More recent data would be needed to see how the rates have changed from 2005-present. suffers more vulnerable disease. There is also a correllation between TB and economic condition. Hihgest incidences are seen in africa, where the gross domestic product (GDP) is low. The world health organisation (WHO) predicted that 8 million people per annum contract TB, 95% of these cases are found in developing countries. It is estimated that 3 million perople die from TB every year, which means the 4 put of 10 people infected from developing countries die each year. Immigration (process of relocation permanently to a foreign country or area) is increasing which leads to countries that usually have relatively low incidence of TB reporting an increase in the number if case per annum. TB is often referred to as a disease of poverty because it is common in developing countries. TB is transmitted in those conditions with areas that are overcrowded, have poor ventilation and a lack of nutrients in their diet. Living in an overcrowded area increases the risk of contracting TB as the airborne droplets are able spread faster; an example of this would be an overcrowded area such as a prison. Groups who have the largest chances of catching the disease are those who have close contact with infected persons over a long period of time and live in a poorly ventilated room. Figure 3 shows clearly that the continent of Africa has the highest number of TB cases in its population. There is a link between poverty and TB. This is because the population there is living in a poor lifestyle or HIV is very common. As discussed above, HIV makes a person vulnerable to TB because it weakens the immune system. Another reason for this economic link could be that hard manual workers, with lower economic status, often live on a diet with fewer nutrients, which also weakens the immune system, leaving a person more vulnerable to TB. Because this is a disease of poverty’ there are economic implications; the countries affected have no money to invest in finding treatment and research. The burden then falls on more economically developed countries. However because of the benefits being gained from this; pharmaceuticals companies invest little money into TB research. The reliability of fig 3 on the estimated of the cases varies depending on the sources. Economically developing countries have easy access to medical data, e.g. NHS in UK. However data on less economically developed countries is less reliable due to less health services. 1.2 Different types of antibiotics Isoniazoid is the drug most commonly used to treat TB, and is the most effective. Isoniazoid is bactericidal (capable of killing bacteria and viruses), non-toxic, easy to access and inexpensive. The usual dosage is 3 to 5mg/kg body mass produced in a peak concentration. The drug is effective because it travels throughout the entire body, including the cavities. The drug concentration is alike to the concentration found in the serum. Rifampin is also a bactericidal for TB. Like Isoniazoid it is non-toxic and is easy to access. It is effective as it is absorbed quickly from the stomach lining and intestines. After a few hours the serum concentration increases; when digested it absorbs into the tissues and cells. It can have very bad side affects even though the drug is a protein bound. The most common side effect is damage to the stomach lining. Other side effects include skin irritation, yellow urine, nausea and joint pain. These side effects are quite rare. TABLE!!!!! Development in treatment for TB The technology and knowledge about TB is increasing. There are number of new drugs tested, including amikacin, quinolones, rifamycin derivatives, clofazimine, and beta-lactams. They have all been tested separately but have not been tested in a multidrug regimen for treating TB. The recent increase in the occurrence of multi drug resistant TB creates an increase in the need to consider multi drug regimen as a treatment option. While all these medication have been tested none of them have been evaluated as a well designed drug. Appropriate dosage and intervals for the use of these drugs for TB has not yet be established. However WHO reported that only 1 anti-TB drug has actually come on the market in the last 28 years. This is said to be because pharmaceutical companies have lost interest in TB research because there is little or no profit associated with it (Blanc and Nun, 2000). However the source is from 2000; not up to date. New drugs for TB could have be reported after the time pe riod 2000. Vaccination There is only one vaccination for TB available and it is called bacillus calmette Guerin (BCG) (see figure 4). Scientist began testing between 1921 and 1924 on animal models which raised ethical concerns as many deemed testing on animals wrong, therefore BCG was considered a controversial drug. Throughout testing of the BCG vaccine promising results were found, and it was therefore distributed worldwide as an effective treatment for TB. Today BCG is regarded as the most widely used vaccine, and is being provided to less economically developed countries as a quick way of curing TB; this excludes people with HIV. The use of BCG vaccination faces some problems as it uses a live form of TB, the BCG is therefore not suitable for use in patients with HIV as they already have a compromised immune system, so exposing them to a live virus increases their chances of becoming infected with TB. Many vaccinations against TB are being developed. The most popular vaccine is the subunit vaccine. This vaccine is a protein obtained from the disease TB. Using a mixture of these proteins has shown good results. As it is a cellular vaccine and does not pose a risk of causing the disease. A DNA bases vaccine has been tested and has also showed promising results. The vaccine uses DNA as a system to deliver TB antigens. The DNA based vaccine does not have any problem with where the disease first originates and induces long lasting immunity. Several trails with DNA vaccination have shown protection against TB. It does this by releasing more concentrated ‘lymphocytes’ blood cells and are more effective towards the infected cells. Within the next few years, these vaccines should be available and safe for testing on human specimens. When a clinical trial is set up it is always in a lab, firstly on animals. This data is deemed reliable as it is done in a lab, but requires further human testing before data is valid for human treatment. Conclusion â€Å"We cannot win the battle against HIV/AIDs if we do not also fight TB. TB is too often a death sentence for people with HIV/AIDs† – Nelson Mandela XV international AIDs conference, Bangkok,July 2004 There is a link between developing countries and the prevalence of TB. Ways to prevent this could be to provide new-borns with a vaccine against TB; however that could bring the risk of the new-born being infected with the active disease if their immune system is weak. How to cite How effective is tuberculosis (TB) treatment in less economically developed countries?, Papers

Product Life Cycle Promotions Essay Example For Students

Product Life Cycle Promotions Essay Final Project OutlineQuestions: I. Page 99 question # 2 # 2. How would you advertise a toothpaste at the four different stages in its lifecycle?1. Introduction StageRisk seems to go hand in hand with the introduction stage because thechance of product failure is quite high. Profits will be below zero due tolow initial revenues while the toothpaste company covers large expensesfor promotion and distribution. We will need to let potential buyersaware of the new toothpaste availability. These buyers must know thetoothpaste’s features, uses, and advantages over other brands. I’llassume this particular toothpaste company has the resources,technological knowledge, and marketing know-how to launch thetoothpaste successfully. Having these assets will be a great advantagefor the success of the new toothpaste brand. 2. Growth StageThe growth stage will be critical to the toothpaste’s survival because thecompetitive reactions to the products success during this stage willaf fect the toothpaste’s life expectancy. I would expect the toothpaste’ssales to rise rapidly and profits to reach a peak and then start to slowlydecline. To counter act the sales decline we must try to strengthen itsmarket share and create a competitive niche by emphasizing thetoothpaste’s benefits. To accomplish these tasks we may need to cut prices to stay competitive and gain stronger market position. 3. Maturity StageOur toothpaste’s sales curve will peak and begin to decline as willprofits. This is the result of intense competition, as similar brands arenow in the market. As a result many weaker competitors will besqueezed out or lose consumer interest. We must now turn ourattention to develop improvements in our product and find positivedifferences in our version of toothpaste. We will continue to makefresh new promotional and distribution efforts. We will concentrate onadvertising and dealer based promotions. We must also look at anotheropportunity that exists. Marketers of mature products sometimesexpand distribution into global markets. We will need to research anddetermine if our toothpaste will be accepted and fit the needs of globalconsumers. 4. Decline StageThe stage where our sales will fall rapidly. New technology or socialtrends are at times the culprits of this downward spiral. Due to lowprofits we may cut promotion efforts, eliminate marginal distributors,and eventually plan to phase out our toothpaste. I will assume ourtoothpaste company has more than one product, a company’s future is rarely tied to one product. As one product is declining, our toothpaste,other products of ours are at different stages of the life cycle. Thereforewe will need to deal with prolonging the life of existing products andintroducing new ones. Our main objective as a company is to meetorganizational sales goals. As one product is declining, other productsare in the introduction, growth, or maturity stages for our company. II. Page 140 question # 3# 3. â€Å"How do we sell this thing?† Rank each of theses approaches, in descendingorder of expected effectiveness. 10. Buy a Cheap Labor-saving Device. 9. Buy a Goat Instead of a Sheep. 8. Buy a Goat. 7. Goat. Guaranteed. 6. Don’t Let Someone Else Get Your Goat. 5. Give a Goat a Home. 4. Goat for Sale. 3. Save on a Goat. 2. Buy a Great Goat. 1. Buy an Affectionate Labor-Saving Device. III. Page 238 Question # 1#1. What do advertisers mean by strategy? What are the key considerations in anadvertising strategy?Averting messages aren’t created on a whim or by a quick flash ofinspiration. Advertising is a disciplined art and involves a lot ofstrategic thinking. Advertisers create messages to accomplish specificobjectives, a process called strategic planning. Advertisers determinewhat you want accomplished, decide on strategies to go aboutaccomplishing, and implementing tactics which make the plan come tolife. Advertising involves many different strategies. First there must bea strategic business plan that deals with the broadest decisions made bythe organization. Next advertisers have marketing strategies that willidentify key advantages for the product or firm in the marketplace. Lastly there are advertising strategy decisions that are made which arecrucial to all advertising situations. Advertisers must set objectives andidentify the target audience. The adve rtising product must be comparedto competing products features. The product must be position so it iswelcomed in the marketplace by consumers. Finally the advertisersmust create a brand image and personality for the product. These are all key considerations for the advertising strategy. Targeting an audiencefor the product I feel is the most important. These audiences areequivalent to a target market, but often includes people other thanprospects, such as those who influence the purchase. Once the targetaudience is defined this lets the advertising planner zero in on the mostresponsive audience. Snow Falling On Cedars Prejudice EssayVII. Page 469 Question # 5One jingle that I dislike is the Sharpe Ford song. Its a great piece of work,â€Å"were sharp and were the reason Sharpe is Ford, Sharpe is Ford†, located at 3 o’clock sharp on the 465 dial. That is perfect. Every time Ihear it I get a visual of the 465 dial and where Sharpe Ford is located. Onedrawback though is that I can’t get the song out of my head the entire day. Another is a fairly new commercial for Giftpoint.com. They do a little riffrom a Christmas song and only say Giftpoint.com. This is absolutelynerve racking and impossible to not sing the entire day I hope they take itoff the air soon. I did however look at their web page. I believe these adsdo reflect on the advertiser, sometimes good and sometimes bad. I simplyget annoyed but I tend to remember them and I think for the advertiser thatis good. In some cases I think the advertiser uses our memory as theirtool. Create a annoying jingle and play it on the radio over and over. We’ve all heard jingles and said to our selves after the fact that it was thestupidest jingle we’ve ever heard. Two weeks later were singing it in theshower or as we walk through the Ivy Tech parking lot. The dumb littlejingles stick in our head and most of the times won’t go away. VIII. Page 501 Question #5# 5. What ideas do you have for setting up some type of direct-response systemto decrease â€Å"traffic overload†. I think a good idea for Ivy Tech would be to have its own bookstorewebpage. Student could access the page on campus or at home. Theywould be able to select and purchase books online for all their classes. Thepurchases could either be sent by mail or have a in house system forpick-up. Many student purchase books with a credit card. If student hadan option to not wait in the enormously large line chance are they wouldn’t. Also for the school they would be able to cut back on inventoryand may open up some room in side the bookstore. Overall I believe aonline system would only be the beginning. Ivy Tech could expand thispage to handle many more tasks that would save time and eventuallymoney. Marketing Essays